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Lignin is a highly complex natural polymer known to be formed by three types of basic monomers and characterized by a multitude of linkages typical for the substance. The complete and detailed structure of lignin is not known. This is due to the fact that there are many different types of lignin, as well as that every lignin type has a different and highly complex structure. However its structure can be quite readily analysed in terms of a certain amount of basic parameters, which allows to obtain characteristic data that can be used for explaining performance and properties of lignin. |
Although some analytical methods are still under development, there is already a huge amount of analytical work available in a big number of publications. Several review books and collections of protocols give overviews on these methods and most of them are easily reproducible. For practical purposes, a set of analytical parameters that are expected to be significant for a given objective can be selected (analytical cluster) and used for characterization of the lignins involved. This type of approach gives usually satisfactory results for research, product specification and quality control purposes. |
An overview on the state of the art for analytical issues on lignin can be found under recent postings (Abächerli 2008)
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Towards the quantitative 31P-NMR analysis of lignocellulosic materials
in ionic liquids (Powerpoint)
COST E41, Turku 2008
A. King, D.S. Argyropoulos - North Carolina State University, Raleigh, U.S.A.
I. Kilpeläinen; Helsinki University, Finland
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On the propensity of Lignins to associate (Powerpoint)
Italic 4, Rome 2007
A. Guerra, A. Gaspar, S. Contreras, L. Lucia, D.S. Argyropoulos - North Carolina State University, Raleigh, U.S.A.
C. Crestini, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Characterisation of sulfur-free Lignins from alkaline pulping of annual fibre crops (Proceedings Reprint)
ILI Forum 5, Bordeaux 2000
J.E.G van Dam, R.J.A. Gosselink - Agrotechnology and Food Innovations B.V. (A&F), Wageningen, The Netherlands
A. Abaecherli - Granit Recherche Développement SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
H. Semke - University of Freiburg, Germany
R. Malherbe - Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Basel, Switzerland
P. Käuper - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
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New Lignins from agricultural plants (Proceedings Reprint)
ILI Forum 5, Bordeaux 2000
A. Abaecherli - Granit Recherche Développement SA, Lausanne, Switzerland |
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Low cost steam exploded Lignin from straw: degradation and use (Proceedings Reprint)
ILI Forum 5, Bordeaux 2000
C. Bonini, M. D'Auria - Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy |
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GPC-2D FTIR: a novel technique for fractionated lignin characterisation (Slides)
South East Regional Meeting of ACS, Puerto Rico 2009
Tuan Q. Nguyen, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
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Analysis of isolated lignin samples using organic and alkaline SEC and MALDI-TOF-MS (Poster)
COST E41, Vienna 2006
R.J. A. Gosselink, W. Teunissen, E. de Jong - Agrotechnology and Food Innovations B.V. (A&F), Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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Characterization of key functional groups of Lignin (Slides)
Italic 5 and COST FP0602, Varenna Italy, 2009
A. Toledano, A. García, L. Serrano, R. Llano-Ponte, J. Labidi - University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
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A new robust antioxidant activity measuring method based on laccase oxidation of syringaldazine (Slides)
Biorenew project, INTB Ghent 2009
G. Nyanhongo, T. Kudanga, E.N. Prasetyo, G. Guebitz- Graz University of Technology, Austria |
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Study of naturally aged archival paper using multivariate analysis (Paper)
Free contribution 2009
E.S. Avgerinos, E. Billa, E. G. Koukios - National Technical University of Athens, Greece |
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Microscopic analysis of pulps, papers and boards: For a fundamental knowledge of fibre structure (Promotion Leaflet)
Free contribution 2009
Intech Fibres formed by:
Centre Technique du Papier (CTP), Grenoble - Grenoble INP Pagora
Institute FCBA (Forêt, Cellulose, Bois construction, Ameublement), Grenoble, France |
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FT-IR characterisation of lignins with help of PCA (Slides)
COST E41, Barcelona, Spain, 2005
R.J.A. Gosselink, C. G. Boeriu, J. van Dam - Agrotechnology and Food Innovations B.V. (A&F), Wageningen, The Netherlands
P. Sarrazin - National Higher School of Chemistry of Montpellier, France |
| Recent Postings |
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Multifrequency DSC applied to dynamic relaxation phenomena of natural polymers (Paper)
Ecobinders project 2008
A. Mija, N. Guigo, L. Vincent, N. Sbirrazzuoli - University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France |
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Lignin structure and analytical methods Version 1.2 June 2008 (Overview paper)
Internal work for Umbrella 2008 and Ecobinders project
Alfred Abächerli - ILI, Lausanne, Switzerland |
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Analytical pyrolysis of Kraft Lignin (Poster)
Northern Wood Biorefinery Conference (NWBC), Stockholm 2008
E. Sjöholm, A. Reimann, J. Kuoppala - INNVENTIA AB (ex-STFI), Stockholm, Sweden |
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Molecular weight and functional group analysis of a Soda Lignin fractionated by ultrafiltration and selective dissolution (Slides)
ILI Workshop, Zürich/Dübendorf 2008 and LignoAnalyse 2 project
Tuan Q. Nguyen, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
Alfred Abächerli - ILI, Lausanne, Switzerland
Jairo H. Lora, Stéphane Lepifre - Granit Recherche Développement SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
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An overview of the analytical tools in the quali/quantitative analysis of functional groups and interunit bondings in Lignin. II. Interunit bondings characterisation (Slides)
COST action E-41, Meeting in Rome May 2007
S. Baumberger - INRA Paris-Grignon, France; C. Crestini - University of Roma- Tor Vergata, Italy
I.Kilpeläinen - University of Helsinki, Finland; M. Orlandi - University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
Dmitry Evtuguin - University of Aveiro, Portugal
D. S. Argyropoulos - North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA |
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Lignin analytical cluster: towards standardisation of methods (Slides)
Workshop of ILI Forum 8, Rome 2007 and LignoAnalyse 1 project
Alfred Abächerli - ILI, Lausanne, Switzerland |
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SEC of Lignins (Slides)
SEC of Lignins (Proceedings Reprint)
Workshop of ILI Forum 8, Rome 2007
G. Reinhold - PSS GmbH, Mainz, Germany |
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Is GPC applicable to Lignin? (Slides)
Is GPC applicable to Lignin? (Proceedings Reprint)
Workshop of ILI Forum 8, Rome 2007 and LignoAnalyse 2 project
Tuan Q. Nguyen, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
Alfred Abächerli - ILI, Lausanne, Switzerland |
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Analytical methods for Lignin characterization - Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Paper)
EUROLIGNIN project, Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 40 (9-10), 719-725, 2006
D.P. Koullas, E.G. Koukios, E. Avgerinos - National Technical University of Athens, Greece
A. Abächerli - ILI, Lausanne, Switzerland
R.J.A. Gosselink - Agrotechnology and Food Innovations B.V. (A&F), Wageningen, The Netherlands
C. Vasile - "Petru Poni" Institute of Mactomolecular Chemistry Iasi, Romania
R. Lehnen, B. Saake - Institute for Wood Chemistry and Chemical Technology of Wood, Hamburg
J. Suren - Bakelite GmbH, Iserlohn-Letmathe, Germany |
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A new model for the structure of Lignosulfonates (Slides)
A new model for the structure of Lignosulfonates (Proceedings Reprint)
ILI Forum 7, Barcelona 2005
Bernt O. Myrvold - Borregaard Ligno Tech, Sarpsborg, Norway |
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Characterisation of Lignosulphonates and sulphonated Kraft Lignins by hydrophobic interaction chromatograpy (Proceedings Reprint)
ILI Forum 7, Barcelona 2005
K.S. Gretland, S.M. Braten, G.E. Fredheim - Borregaard Ligno Tech, Sarpsborg, Norway
D. Ekeberg - Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway
J. Gustafsson - Institute for Surface Chemistry (YKI), Stockholm, Sweden |
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Characterisation of structure-dependent functional properties of Lignin with infrared spectroscopy (Proceedings Reprint - including data on anti-oxidant properties)
ILI Forum 6, Wageningen 2003
C. G. Boeriu, R. Gosselink, J. van Dam - Agrotechnology and Food Innovations B.V. (A&F), Wageningen, The Netherlands
D. Bravo on leave at A&F from INRA, Paris-Grignon, France |
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