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Thermoplastics melt, and they are formed in heat, a process that can be repeated at will. For example in the case of plastic bags, the polyethylene is delivered in small granules to the processor, molten and stripped to foils. Good blending with synthetic plastics needs meltability and high purity of lignin, a requirement that many lignins for example lignosulfonates and unmodified kraft lignin do not satisfy, but is achieved with certain Organosolv and Soda lignins. |
The preparation of useful polymeric materials containing a substantial amount of lignin has been the subject of investigations for more than thirty years. Typically, lignin could be blended into polyolefin or polyesters by extrusion up to 25-40% (w/w) with still satisfying mechanical characteristics. |
A better understanding of lignin structure, in particular the empirical study of the factors governing the supramolecular structure of kraft lignin complexes, led to new lignin-based thermoplastic blends formulations. Hence, methylated or ethylated kraft lignins are now readily plasticized in homogeneous blends with 30-35% appropriate aliphatic polyesters while maintaining sufficient mechanical properties. |
| Novel lignin like the high purity soda and organosolv lignin, can be mixed more easily into polar industrial thermoplastics to up to 60%, thus lowering the cost for blends of expensive polymers like polyamides, polyesters, PHB etc and composites -lignin have also been reported (see reference Nitz 2001 under General Information: R. Malherbe, A. Abächerli 2007). Recently, poly(vinyl chloride) blends of organosolv lignin (Alcell) utilized in a highly filled calcium carbonate flooring formulation were shown to have good mechanical properties as well as other advantages (low VOC emissions) compared to controls. |
In order to increase the compatibility between lignin and other hydrophobic polymers, different approaches have been used. The chemical modification of lignin through esterification with long chain fatty acids was reported recently. Interestingly esterification with an unconventional enzymatic reaction gave better products than the classical Schotten-Baumann acylation with stearoyl chloride and an alkali solution. |
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Lignin utilization in starch thermoplastics: molecular origin of compatibility (Proceedings Reprint)
ILI Forum 5, Bordeaux 2000
S. Baumberger - Institut National Agronomique (INRA), Paris-Grignon, France |
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Lignin based polymer compounds and liquid wood (Proceedings Reprint)
ILI Forum 5, Bordeaux 2000
H. Nitz, R.Mülhaupt - Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Freiburg, Germany |
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Electron beam induced changes in the surface properties of starch films functionalised by Lignin (Slides)
Italic 5, Varenna, 2009
D. Zheng, S. Baumberger - INRA, AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France
P.Y. Mikus, P. Dole - URCA-INRA; X. Coqueret - URCA-CNRS, Reims, France
J. Soulestin - Ecole des Mines de Douai, France
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Thermoplastische Compounds auf Basis des nachwachsenden Rohstoffes Lignin (PhD, in German)
Thermoplastische Compounds auf Basis des nachwachsenden Rohstoffes Lignin (PhD, English Summary)
Valoir project 2001
Hansjörg Nitz - Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i. Br., Germany
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Charakterisierung, Funktionalisierung und Verarbeitung von Ligninen aus Dikotyledonen (PhD, in German)
Valoir project 2001
Hinnerk Semke - Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i. Br., Germany
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Tailored modification of waste lignocellulose and Lignin for application in polymer composites (Short Paper)
Italic 5 conference 2009
G. Shulga, G. Zakis, B. Neiberte, M. Laka - Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Riga, Latvia V. Shapovalov, M. Tavroginskay - National Academy of Science, Gomel, Belarus
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Thermoplastic polymers reinforced with fibrous agricultural residues (Paper)
Free contribution 2009
S. Th. Georgopoulos, E.S. Avgerinos, E. Billa, E. G. Koukios, P. A. Tarantil, A.G. Andreopoulos - National Technical University of Athens, Greece |
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Radical scavenging capacity of Lignin derivatives and its oxidative stabilization effect on polyethylene (Slides)
ILI Workshop, Zürich/Dübendorf 2008
P. N. Diouf, H. Nadji, T. Stevanovic, B. Riedl, A. Koubaa, A. Benaboura - Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Study of the surface properties of some polyolefin/lignocellulosic composites treated by plasma (Paper)
Ecobinders project 2007, Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 41 (7-8), 463-427
G. Constantinescu, M. Totolin, C. Vasile - P. Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
A. Cojocariu - Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Isai, Romania
V.I. Popa - Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania
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Noncovalent interactions between Lignin substructures- implications for Lignin biosynthesis and effects on properties of Lignin-based polymeric materials (Proceedings Reprint)
ILI Forum 8, Rome 2007
Yi-ru Chen and S. Sarkanen - University of Minnesota, U.S.A. |
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Lignin in blends with synthetic polymers (Slides)
Lignin in blends with synthetic polymers (Proceedings Reprint)
ILI Forum 8, Rome 2007
D. Feldman, D.Banu - Concordia University, Canada |
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Lignin hydrophobization by different esterification reactions (Slides)
Lignin hydrophobization by different esterification reactions (Proceedings Reprint)
ILI Forum 8, Rome 2007
G. Constantinescu, G. Cazacu, N. Anghel - ”P. Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romania |
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The development of plasticizers for alkylated Kraft Lignin-based polymeric materials (Slides)
The development of plasticizers for alkylated Kraft Lignin-based polymeric materials (Proceedings Reprint)
ILI Forum 7, Barcelona 2005
S. Sarkanen and Yan Li - University of Minnesota, U.S.A. |
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